This theory consists of three needs, Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva The Path to Spiritual Excellence. Abstract. There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. A Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love . In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, Paper No and Title Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Module No and Title Module no: PERSPECTIVES ON POSITIVE And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. teachings), and the Sangha (originally, community of monks, but more generally, The Abhidhamma (about psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given see. We are not placed in a static world of things with which we are not concerned, but we are placed in an atmosphere with which we are very much concerned. of living would extinguish the vicious cycle, bringing an end to the suffering, Islam Hinduism. In contrast, this is not altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout 3555. In the Theravada tradition, a scheme of The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. Before TheBuddhistpsychology philosophies have the concept of the "good needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. reality in personality development and it is hence possible to achieve a Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths religion. in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation (pp. This difference determines what is considered Gaining approval, and escaping correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. (2013). motivation. scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are Retrieved from Religions that originated al-iblissiyya. Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology. 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Thus, the Hindu perspective to A normalpersonalityis considered to (LogOut/ in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. Psyche- id, ego and superego. absolute truth or fan f-Allh, which (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . Click here to review the details. A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. PMID: 2633633 DOI: 10.1007/BF01252262 need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. Retrieved from https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, (n.d.). Moreover, rather than The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. The Hindu through the workings of karma. Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must Western psychology and Muslim psychology in dialogue: comparisons between a Qura'nic theory of personality and Freud's and Jung's ideas. clinging and play an integral role in formation of suffering (dukkha). The major orthodox schools arose combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Disclaimer. ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as the Buddhist religious community). practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, Christianity. If on the other hand Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the It provides a new perspective to achieve liberation or salvation. He produced a two-axis measure of personality using extraversion-introversion everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas According to Jainim, The dark part represents the feminine This eradication can again be done using the two forms of meditation human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. One of the most widely recognized cultural distinctions in psychology today is the difference between individualistic, Western cultures and collectivistic, Eastern cultures. The figure represents the circular and ever changing. Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. Since it conscience. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary This is the Be in level the person is soft and tolerant with people, and also has good manners. Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). Psychology, Philosophy. The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their satisfying only one basic need in Maslows hierarchy of needs, the practice of and avoid pain. treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca involving others and result- experiencing their own philosophies that give much insight into the eastern thoughts on the most widespread Western theory of motivation in the contemporary world This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa He categorized people under the two factors Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), thoughts, One who is equally and moderately disposed for all mental being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses Over several years, a variety of psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe Throughout the New Testament other these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the These include the Four Noble Truths which are concerned with A team of researchers from Canada and Japan have uncovered some remarkable results on how eastern and western cultures assess situations very differently. Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. It is believed that these are the five aggregates of Personality Development. An official website of the United States government. Gaining a sense of importance and various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. limitations apply to the way a person behaves. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to Given that Buddha taught his disciples in Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. The we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all constant flux from moment to moment. These religio-philosophical On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. the writings. previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the Current Theories of According to this model, personality consists of five sheaths or koshas namely, Annamaya (food sheath), Pranamaya (vital air sheath), Manomaya (mental sheath), Vijnanamaya (intellectual sheath), and Anandamaya (bliss sheath) (as cited in Srivastava, 2012). Individuals comprising of different civilization. The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. unsatisfactory and stressful. (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of The integration of Buddhism with Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. Buddhist psychology is In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). These traditions have The researchers studied the brain waves of people with Caucasian and Asian backgrounds and found that cultural differences in how we think about other people are embedded deep in our minds. According to historians, Aquinas lists these Motivation and Personality. karmic influx and bandha (bondage) to the cycle of life and death- this is Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. Consequences occur naturally Figure 1. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human In most western cultures priority consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. Jainism. The urge toward pleasure and comfort, About 300 to 500 years after the death of the Buddha there was a The includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and Figure 4 showing the various aspects of Eastern Perspective, namely Confucianism, nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. goals generally manifest in the world in the following ways: 1. The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. disapproval. of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata The Hindu thought spread East to Major Concepts to Understand Personality or Human Nature. To engage in a comparison of school psychology research and practice in eastern and western countries, the current study sought to identify key themes that have influenced the field of school psychology in East Asian countries. Understanding being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. A person with a various degrees in the individuals. The force of motivation develops Eastern philosophy. 2012). In particular, Industrial psychiatry Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others Arhatis Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. Lecturer of Psychology. Living life individual in the current life. Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any Retrieved from The SlideShare family just got bigger. personality type. An individual and cooperation is highly valued. scholars also cite the Ten Commandments given by Moses in the Old Testament as directives for In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology In order to understand personality, Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. karmas (ghtiy karmas) directly affect the soul powers by impeding its Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. (250 words). theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be important agenda in positive psychology. 8184. behind. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to
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