Ruth! Mahmoud is beaten up by the local kids for being Syrian, he's unable to gain a place in a school, and his father can't see a way for his son to have a future. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The pistol fired againpak!andping!the hull of the Castilloss boat rang as the bullet hit it. Too many. Last updated by Jill W on 01 Sep 20:48 Answers: 1. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) After Aleppothe near-constant gunfire and explosions, punctuated by the oppressive quiet of an entire city trying their hardest not to draw attention to themselvesthis place felt alive, even if it was dusty and cramped. Im Josef, he told the other girls when theyd all gathered themselves together. Ivn, nail. Ivn handed him another nail. CRACK! They used it on the door handles of cabins up and down the passageway on A-deck, then hid around the corner and waited. She could see it in his wild look. Isabel fell into the water and swam the rest of the way to the boat, but her father was already climbing over the side. He flailed wildly at the debris, digging and scratching at the wreckage like he could somehow claw his way back to a place where there was air. The trick was to be invisible. Ruthie would have started kindergarten that year if Jews were still allowed to go to school. Try as she might, she had never heard it, never felt it. Ill be a man in six months and eleven days. The Nazis laughed again. He shook his head as he paced their little room in his oversized nightclothes. In the year 1938, Josef Landauis a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. Couples kissed under palm trees. She was sure she had just heard the sound of breaking glass, but cars and bicycles kept streaming by under the bright sun on the Malecn like nothing had happened. All the station attendants and other passengers gave them a wide berth, flowing around them like water around a stone. No! The shadows threw him to the floor. If you were invisible, the bad people couldnt hurt you, that was true. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Luis didnt have to say anything. You saved her. As she blew, her fingers tapped out the notes she knew by heart. He dragged Waleed with him toward the front door, but Waleed pulled back. long days trying to get to the boat on time, and now it isnt coming. Then by boat? Overjoyed, Mahmouds father agrees and the man makes arrangements for them. As it passed, Mahmoud saw a young couple sitting in the back. No ambulances came to help the wounded. His mother and father, Fatima and Youssef Bishara decide to leave Syria because the war got too intense and hit them personally. We need more writers. He waved a hand at all the magazines and newspapers. The soldiers direct them to a route that avoids the battles in return for a ride. The Nazis had taken all this from them, from him, and now he and the passengers on the ship were taking it back. On one side of the road were blocks of green and yellow and pink and baby blue homes and shops. No room! Hana was wailing, but Mahmoud almost couldnt hear her over the sound of the gunfire. One of the back tires exploded, and the car swerved wildly and screeched as his dad fought to keep control of it. Abbas was quoted in the three dailies stating: "I have decided to take national, legal and financial measures to protect our national project.". Well, if it isnt Hurricane Isabel, Seor Castillo said. A Syrian pop song blared from the radio, and young men and women danced and laughed alongside the taxi. Josef's story begins when Josef's father Aaron gets taken away on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp by Nazi Stormtroopers. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Being invisible was how he survived. The woman was dressed in a white satin dress and veil. Youssef Mahmouds mom warned. point of view of Refugee. They spilled into the streets, and the few policemen on the Malecn were quickly overwhelmed. And Castros only making things worse. As if saying his name made him appear, the baseball game on television was interrupted by a special message from the Cuban president. So we have money! Thank God youre all alive! he cried. Josef, his mother, and Ruthie stopped short just inside the first-class social hall. Refine any search. Mahmoud grabbed the railing to steady himself and waited a long, breathless moment to see if the stairs were going to collapse. Wait here, he told her. Are you ready? Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. My dearest Rachel! he said. man wouldnt be talking and laughing with him. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. Then she had it. Mahmoud couldnt draw a breath. Germany is a long way away. Mom! She had to think of some answer to all this, some solution that would keep her family together. But nobody was going to eat this cat. She had bright eyes, wild brown haircut in a bob and parted on the side a little gap between her 2 front teeth. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. When they reach the shore, Youssef kisses the ground and says thanks to Allah. Mahmoud and his family planned to stay as far away from Daesh as possible, but the radical fighters were coming farther and farther into Syria every day. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. Dont move! Mahmoud cried. The water wasnt working again, so he had to pour water over his hands using the plastic jugs his mother had hauled from the neighborhood well. On foot? Do you want to build a snowman? his father sang. It was like they were invisible. Instead of running away, should Mahmoud and his father join the rebels and fight to win their country back? We can wait our turn. The startled man at the front of the line motioned for them to go ahead, and Josefs mother thanked him. Mahmoud is a Muslim boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, and his family has no other choice but to leave Syria when their entire apartment building is destroyed by a missile. Along with Josef and Mahmoud, he is one of the books three protagonists. He starts to panic that, Mahmoud: Just Outside Aleppo, Syria 2015, 1 day from home. As her grandfather arrived and helped Isabel get her father to his feet, she understood. Ruthie Landau/Rosenberg, Ruthie Landau/Rosenberg, Ruthie Landau/R Lito/Mariano Padron is a character in the film Lito/Mariano Padron. Mahmoud caught himself smiling. His dad hesitated, and Mahmoud held his breath. Lito was her mothers father, and he and Papi had never gotten along. Tomorrow. Youre bleeding was all he said. This reminds Mahmoud of Hana, and, For four weeks, Mahmoud, Waleed, Youssef, and, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Cuba was a communist country, like Russia had been, and for decades the Soviets had been buying Cubas sugar for eleven times the price and sending the little island food and gasoline and medicine for free. Here, the couples only escort was a group of rowdy teenage boys running behind the taxi, and their destination was a dirty white tent with whatever food theyd been able to buy in the camps market. See here, he told Mahmouds father, youll have to go over to Qatmah, and then north through Qestel Cindo. Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria 2015 (1). There were people on the beach! Isabel had caught him at dinner. His home was totally destroyed. Forever. What other ships were they talking about? He wasnt used to the sounds of this new flat, the smaller one he and his family had been forced to move into. One of the girls had found a long piece of string and was dangling it over the side, tickling the noses of passengers who were sleeping in chairs down on A-deck. Isabel regretted that its brass was a little tarnished, but it was the most valuable thing she owned. This route crosses a country border, Google Maps told them, marking the alert with a little yellow triangle. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Mahmouds mother was carrying their school backpacks, and she traded them for Hana. Waleeds eyes are glassy, but he is able to talk. She could almost hear it almost And then the motor spluttered and died, and the music stopped. Mahmouds father waited for another lull in the shooting, and then they all hurried away from the car, leaving everything else they owned behind. The policemen pulled off their berets, and Isabel recognized one of them instantlyone was Luis, the Castilloss elder son! A Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle! The old man in the car slows and takes pity on them, offering them a place to stay. For Mahmoud Bishara,12, life in Aleppo, Syria in 2015 means trying to make himself invisible and making sure his younger brother Waleed is safe. And then the whole country seemed to go crazy all at once. After the week, they return to the mall but two men threaten them and demand an exorbitant amount of money in order to stay. Just ahead of them, two boys had another boy up against what was left of a wall, about to take the bag of bread he carried. Google Maps told them it would be an eight-hour walk, and they split the journey up by sleeping in a field. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The kittens nose sniffed eagerly at the air, and it meowed. I dont know. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. This isnt funny. More bullets whizzed by overhead, and soon the rebel soldiers whod been riding with them were returning fire, their automatic rifles booming in Mahmouds ears like he was in a barrel and they were beating on the outside of it with hammers. In the Turkish refugee camp, what does Mahmoud buy his brother? All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered and eaten. But the blow never came. He had done everything he could to avoid the Hitler Youth ever since, but now hed handed himself right over to oneand all because hed taken off his armband to walk around a train and buy a newspaper! Hush, Josef begged her. He hesitated while everyone stared at him, his eyes searching Castros face on the bottom of the boat as though there were answers hidden there. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Their room was spotless, the bed linens were freshly laundered, and the hand towels were pressed and neatly stacked. A man in the group we walked with gave me the name of a smuggler who can get us from Turkey to Greece. A smuggler? Mom said. Where did Mahmoud and his family live for 4 weeks? Josef couldnt think of any Jewish people he knew who did look like those pictures. Khalid never answered another question in class, not even when the teacher called on him directly. Ill see if I can find us a bus. Mahmoud and his mother and sister and brother walked the shopping street. Thinking about Klaus made Josef think about other things, but he blinked away the bad memories. In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. We have to get out of here! Across the hall, the Sarraf family filled the corridormother, father, and twin daughters, both younger than Waleed. The police were being summoned elsewhere. Mahmoud hoped so, at least. Maybe we shouldnt talk about drowning, Papi said, clutching to the side of the boat as they chopped into a wave. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Chabela! her grandfather shouted when he saw her. Josef sacrifices himself when his family is refused refuge in Cuba, in order for his sister, Ruth, to be saved from the extermination camps. Mahmoud has already had a lot of experience dealing with the trauma of war, as the Syrian Civil War has already been raging for four years at the beginning of Mahmoud's story. The family leaves, again wandering around to find shelter. I want to be able to choose who I vote for, Luis said. Hes just a boy. 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? (In five days, Papa hadnt come out of their cabin once, not even for meals, and Josefs mother had barely left his side.) Assuming we stop to sleep every night, thats a nineteen-day walk. Mahmoud felt like he was in trouble. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Tomorrow. A bar mitzvah alone didnt make him an adult. Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. Daesh? She wore a dark blue wool dress with a white sailors collar and carried her white corduroy stuffed rabbit, Bitsy, everywhere she went. Overjoyed, Mahmoud's father agrees and the man makes arrangements for them. Youre going to Turkey? II went to engineering school there, Mahmouds father said. No, no, you cant go through Azaz anymore, the soldier said. After halting the vehicle on the highway, what did the Serbian taxi driver do? Mama spent weeks going from one government office to another, trying to find out where her husband was and how to get him back. The entire outside wall of Mahmouds apartment was gone. Well, Fidel is thickheaded, Luis said. His sister. Each time they stop, Mahmouds mother searches frantically among the other refugees, looking for baby Hana. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. RAMALLAH, March 20, 2018 (WAFA) - President Mahmoud Abbas' speech at a Palestinian leadership gathering in Ramallah hit the front page headlines in Palestinian dailies on Tuesday. Josef and Ruth each carried a suitcase, and their mother carried two more one for herself, and one for Josefs father. And why do you need gasoline so badly? To leave Cuba before my father is arrested. The fisherman wiped his lips on the back of his hand. Mahmouds arc examines the benefits and drawbacks of being invisible. 12 year old Syrian boy; one of the main characters. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 The refugees are transferred from prison cells to a detention camp, reuniting Mahmouds family. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Papi was going to run away again, and this time, whether he got caught with wet feet or dry Yes. No boat today. An alarm rang. little white buildings. In all the turmoil, a policeman caught up with her father and grabbed him by the arm. Well all go! Isabel cried. But maybe this is what becoming a man is, Josef thought. Thankyouthankyouthankyou. The Hitler Youth breathed hard, his face red like he was the one in trouble. But I have this. She held out the trumpet. Mahmoud sat in the middle row of desks in his classroom, where the teacher wouldnt call on him. He wasn't literally invisible. If your eyes were the sea, I would drown in them. Lito was giving her piropos, the flirtatious compliments Cuban men said to women on the street. This reminds Mahmoud of, might be too old. I dont remember much about him, but I do remember he always wanted to be a grown-up. What was his first name? Struggling with distance learning? He smiled sadly and punched their tickets. They try to float, but their life vests are useless. A year after that, Khalid had died in an airstrike anyway. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud will leave their homes. We sent them back to Europe and Hitler and the Holocaust. If he were a Turkish border guard, he wouldnt have let in any of these dirty, squalid people, himself included. For John Gratz While the passengers wait to be allowed to disembark, Josef encounters Isabel's grandfather, Mariano Padron, who is a Cuban government officer bound by duty not to let the Jewish refugees in, despite feeling sorry for them. The motor coughed to life, and the boat lurched into a wave, spraying Isabel with seawater. He decides that it is better to be visible because even though bad people can hurt you, good people can finally help you. Yet Mahmoud also hints at some of the drawbacks that come with being invisible, such as the fact that Mahmoud and Khalid had to stop being friends, thus cutting off a vital source of support for Mahmoud. Turkish guards in light green camo gear with automatic weapons and white surgical masks over their faces walked up and down the line, staring at each of them in turn. All Isabel could see was the metal side of the boat in front of her face, but she heard a commotion behind her. Buying a paper for your father? he asked Josef. He wore sandals, shorts, a short-sleeved, button-down shirt, and a cap with a fancy letter I on itthe logo It was easier to stay invisible that way. He kicked and flailed in a panic, but one of the shadows caught his ankle and dragged him face-first across his bed. Ever since the Nazis had taken over six years ago, Jews were fleeing Germany. Your mother is pregnant, for one thing! Lito said. Renata and Evelyne jumped out from behind a lifeboat and grabbed Josef by the hand. He reared back again to hit Isabel, and she flinched. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Eventually, Mahmoud and his family make it safely to Germany and are taken in by a host family, the elderly Saul Rosenberg and his wife, RuthieJosefs little sister, who survived the Holocaust decades prior thanks to Josefs self-sacrifice. Do you understand? I Yes, Josef stammered. Mahmouds mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. The war had made Mahmoud nervous. My father just got out of a concentration camp. Theres no reason to go throwing yourself onto a raft in the ocean, Lito said. Fidel Castro, the man who ruled Cuba as president and prime minister, wouldnt allow anyone to leave the countryespecially not to go to the United Statesel norte, as Cubans called it. The wall of his apartment exploded, blasting broken bits of concrete and glass through the room. (This displacement has been decided upon or forced for 55% of Syrians since the start of the war in 2011. The Simpsons! Im going to open my own law office, Seora Castillo said. This incident later haunts Mahmoud, as he wishes that he had chosen not to remain invisible in order to help the boy. Josefs veins ran with ice. Tell me something I dont know, Seor Castillo said. In the year 1938, Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. Lots of them! The rebels? The shadows grabbed them again and dragged them into the living room. And dont ever do that again, the Hitler Youth told Josef. There were inflatable rafts. A warm breeze lifted Isabels short curly hair and raised goose bumps on her arms. It was like a giant rummage sale, and it seemed like everybody in the camp was there. No ambulances came to help the wounded. Wheres Papi? she asked him. Nobody would tell her anything, and Josef began to despair that he would never see his father again. Newspapers Review: Dailies highlight PM's meeting with Israelis, Abbas speech. A trap. Mama sighed. But Josef remembered how it used to be. There was an old Arabic proverb that said, Close the door that brings the wind and relax, and thats exactly what they did; while the rest of the Middle East was rioting, Syrians stayed inside and locked their doors and waited to see what would happen. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Hed been released from a concentration camp called Dachau, but only on condition that he leave the country within fourteen days. Josef stood and stared. No, no, no, Lito said. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. What would they do now? Hush now. They cowered together on the floor as the shadows picked up Ruths bed and threw it against Where would they go? Praise for Refugee A New York Times Notable Book An Amazon Best Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year A Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year A Junior Library Guild Selection This heart-stopping novel is not only compellingit is necessary. Judy Blundell, National Book Awardwinning author of What I Saw and How I Lied With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Eliot Schrefer, New York Times bestselling author and two-time National Book Award finalist for Threatened and Endangered Powerful. Isabel was eleven years old, and all lanky arms and legs. Because I was just doing my job?. Aaron Landau, one of the Brownshirts said to Josefs father, you have continued to practice law despite the fact that Jews are forbidden to do so under the Civil Service Restoration Act of 1933. Mahmoud himself deals with the contrast between being visible but liable to get hurt and invisible but unable to receive assistance. Mahmoud has already had much experience dealing with the trauma of war, as the Syrian Civil War has already been raging for four years at the beginning of Mahmouds story. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. How are Josef Isabel and Mahmoud similar? Sweat ran down his back. Unfortunately, the boat runs aground onto rocks and pops, dumping all the passengers in the freezing water. The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. The US has spent 7 trillion dollars (!) Blend in. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes.
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