Japan Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism Minister Seiji Maehara visited the site on August 12, 2010, to remember the victims. Air France and American Airlines each have had 11 crashes, the most among any airline. I don't think anyone has submitted this, but it's a website with many recordings of black boxes and air traffic controllers. in the Profile section of your subscriber account page. *All my animations are FREE TO USE for your films with credit in description and comments, so I don't ruin your video with text on the screen.https://en.wiki. The east-west ridge is about 2.5 kilometres (8,200ft) north-northwest of Mount Mikuni. The discovery came nearly a year after engine parts were also found in the same area. Initially the announcement announced that there had been a loss of altitude information and reported difficulties controlling the aircraft. In all, just four people survived the terror of JAL Flight 123. This impact is speculated to have separated the remainder of the weakened tail from the airframe, the outer third of the right-wing, as well as the remaining three engines, which were "dispersed 500700 metres (1,6002,300ft) ahead". To learn more see our FAQ. On August 12, 1985, the Boeing 747-146SR developed mechanical problems 12 minutes after taking off. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, 1985 passenger plane crash in Gunma, Japan, JA8119, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen at, A picture of the aircraft taken at around 6:47p.m. 64 items. It is likely that the section had weakened due to frequent landings and takeoffs. Lithuania brings back military conscription. Postings here are the last known photographs or videos of a person. No fatalities occurred among the 394 people on board, but 25 people were injured, 23 minor and 2 serious. The impact registered on a seismometer located in the Shin-Etsu Earthquake Observatory at Tokyo University from 6:56:27p.m. It was the result of human error and remarkably, not even a mistake that occurred that summer evening. What they say could well be true. Four passengers survived in what was the worst single-plane accident in aviation history. The pilots valiantly wrestled with the aircraft and, against the odds, with no directional control, kept it flying for 32 minutes. At 6:55p.m., the captain requested flap extension, and the co-pilot called out a flap extension to 10 units, while the flaps were already being extended from 5 units at 6:54:30p.m.. While Boeing 747s were still used on the same route operating with the new flight numbers in the years following the crash, they were replaced by the Boeing 767 or Boeing 777 in the mid-1990s. 37 years ago today, on the evening of August 12, 1985, Japan Airlines Flight 123 departed from Tokyo Haneda Airport, bound for Osaka. 'It's premature to determine a cause,' one source said. I don't want to fly anymore. By August 13, 1985, a spokesman for Japan Airlines stated that the list included four residents of Hong Kong, two each from Italy and the United States, and one each from West Germany and the United Kingdom. Later on, cracks in the damaged bulkhead caused it to fail as a result of the stresses experienced in flight. Less than 45 minutes after take-off the aircraft, loaded with 524 passengers and crew, crashed into a ridge of Mount Takamagahara, north-west of Tokyo, at a height of 5,135ft. For reinforcing a damaged bulkhead, Boeing's repair procedure calls for one continuous splice plate with three rows of, Consequently, after repeated pressurization cycles during normal flight, the bulkhead gradually started to crack near one of the two rows of rivets holding it together. as JL514. JAL had 30+ minutes and plenty of empirical evidence shit was bad for the passengers. The airline began as a domestic service from Tokyo's Haneda Airport. 08/12/1985 18:56 LOCATION: Tokyo-Haneda, Japan CARRIER: Japan Airlines FLIGHT: 123 AIRCRAFT: B-747-SR46 REGISTRY: JA8119 ABOARD: 524 FATAL: 520 DETAILS: Bulkhead failure. japan airlines flight 123 survivor interview. :292 Captain Takahama immediately ordered the flaps to be retracted ("Hey, halt the flap"),:326 and power was added abruptly, but still with engine power higher on the left vs. the right engines. LOS ANGELES, April 15 (UPI) -- Electronic dance music artist Calvin Harris is Taylor Swift's newest romantic interest, but Harris, 31, reportedly doesn't want a song written about him. As the Federal Aviation Administration explains, above 10,000 feet, it becomes incredibly hard to breathe, which can send people into a condition called hypoxia, a major concern, because oxygen masks only offer a limited supply. The tailstrike cracked open the aft pressure bulkhead. Japan Airlines no longer uses flight number 123. The rise in airspeed increased the lift over the wings, which resulted in the aircraft climbing and slowing down, then descending and gaining speed again. In 1978, the JAL 747 that would eventually crash as Flight 123 in 1985 was involved in a tail strike incident, says Aerotime. Japan Air Lines Flight 123 (Japanese: ) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Tokyo to Osaka, Japan. Route of JAL123 Sequence of events The aircraft landed at Haneda from New Chitose Airportat 4:50PM as JL514. The airline said that an oxygen mask was discovered on June 24, 2022, on Mount Osutaka in Gunma Prefecture. Captain Takahama also declined Tokyo Control's suggestion to divert to Nagoya Airport 72 nautical miles (83mi; 133km) away, instead preferring to land at Haneda,:302 which had the facilities to handle the 747. Japan Airlines Flight 123 was a scheduled domestic Japan Airlines passenger Japan Airlines 123 flight from Tokyo's Haneda Airport to Osaka International Airport, Japan. Travellers based in Canada will have the easiest time booking Japan Airlines First Class using Alaska Mileage Plan, both because it charges favourable prices and offers an easy way for Canadians to earn miles. PSSI Holds Football Sarasehan With League 1 And League 2 Clubs In Surabaya, What Are Discussed And How Are The Results? The loss of the vertical stabilizer and the rudder removed the only means of damping yaw, and the aircraft lost virtually all meaningful yaw stability. Possibly as a measure to prevent a recurrence of stalling, due to the lowered airspeed caused by the drag of the landing gear, the crew quickly discussed lowering the flaps. Moments later, the plane crashed into the side of a mountain. Captain: "Raise the nose. A tail strike occurred on the aircraft in June 1978, which was caused by an earlier incident. ":89 Shortly after 6:40p.m., the landing gear was lowered in an attempt to damp the phugoid cycles and Dutch rolls further, and to attempt to decrease the aircraft's airspeed to descend. The Boeing 747 aircraft flew without fault until that fateful day on August 12, 1985, when, 12 minutes after Flight 123 took off, at around 24,000ft, the aircraft suffered a decompression. On August 12, 1985, Japanese Airlines (JAL) Flight 123 was packed with hundreds of those travelers, reports the Japan Times, many returning home for the country's Obon holiday, when families generally gather to honor ancestors. In 1986, for the first time in a decade, fewer passengers boarded JAL's overseas flights during the New Year period than the previous year. The center opened April 24 in a building at Tokyos Haneda airport with 41 pieces of wreckage of the jet on display, including the collapsed pressure bulkhead believed to have caused the sudden decompression and loss of tail fin that led to the crash. Thirteen hours later, despite the high winds and 16 foot waves, a rescue boat from Madagascar responding to the distress signal sent from one of the plane's black boxes spotted a girl clinging to a piece of debris in the water. A proper repair would use a single splice plate (think of it as another slice of bread) inserted between the top and bottom halves to stabilize things. Also, UA232 was trimmed for cruise, whereas JL123 was trimmed for climb. ___Discord server: https://discord.gg/MKmn6MatABUseful links to various bits of info below:CVR Audio videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv1sXhWfG. Japan Airlines flight 123 veers out of control and crashes in the mountains, becoming the worst air disaster involving a single aircraft in 1985. All of these maneuvers produced no response. Years ago my family rented the movie Airplane the day before my Dad was going to fly across country. The Japanese public's confidence in Japan Air Lines took a dramatic downturn in the wake of the disaster, with passenger numbers on domestic routes dropping by one-third. With Charley Speed. TOKYO -- A terrified passenger aboard Japan Air Lines Flight 123 scribbled a note saying, 'I don't want to fly anymore. Tell your loved ones you love them. JA81-10019 is a Boeing 747SR, one of the aircraft involved in the incident. Some foreigners had dual nationalities, and some of them were residents of Japan. The worst death toll was on Japan Air Lines Flight 123, a Boeing 747, which was en route from Tokyo to Osaka on 12 August 1985 when the airtight bulkhead between its cabin and tail tore open. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. A U.S. Air Force C-130 crew was the first to spot the crash site 20 minutes after impact, while it was still daylight, and radioed the location to the Japanese and Yokota Air Base, where an Iroquois helicopter was dispatched. More passengers survived the accident but were later killed as a result of shock, and it was discovered that more survived the accident the next day when the bodies of the passengers were discovered. :16 Hydraulic fluid completely drained away through the rupture. In the aftermath of the incident, Hiroo Tominaga, a JAL maintenance manager, died from suicide intended to atone for the incident, as did Susumu Tajima, an engineer who had inspected and cleared the aircraft as flightworthy, due to difficulties at work. Bahkan kecelakaan pesawat terbang termasuk dalam kategori mematikan, terutama karena faktor ketinggian dan energi yang terlibat. Just yesterday, in a thread about the first Japanese airliner in 50 years, I mentioned that they're flying 747s on a few short routes because of high demand. keiko kawakami flight 123 today; The images are now on display alongside with the wreckage of the plane and farewell notes that passengers left. The captain repeated the order to reduce the bank, as the autopilot had disengaged. This began to cause the aircraft to begin to a bank to the right, possibly due to an imbalance in the lift between the left and right flaps. History. Shortly after takeoff, the plane suffered structural failure as a result of the previous repair, causing sudden decompression and, even more urgently, severing the plane's hydraulic lines. After flying under minimal control for a further 32 minutes, the 747 crashed in the area of Mount Takamagahara, 100 kilometres (62mi; 54nmi) from Tokyo. But U.S. investigators believe reports of a bulkhead failure are 'premature,' sources close to the U.S. team said Sunday. They were upside down two different times before it crashed. Members of the Shonentai were also scheduled to travel with Kitagawa, but ultimately stayed behind in Tokyo. Kecelakaan pesawat Japan Airlines dengan nomor penerbangan 123 pada 1985 dianggap sebagai salah satu insiden mematikan pesawat bermesin satu sepanjang sejarah. | Quiz, Akasa Air CEO hints at airlines aircraft order size, SWISS presents its new long-haul cabin revamp, Lufthansa: recovery will continue during 2023, despite slight economic growth, Bavarian Airlines 18-year-old founder accused of fraud and being 15, Today in history: Pan Am Flight 103, Lockerbie, Celebrating 75 years of the Kangaroo Route: Qantas services to London, On this day: The crash of South African Airlines flight 295. As summarized Britannica JAL 123 departed from Tokyo's Haneda airport at 18.12 and was scheduled to land in Osaka an hour later. Just 12 minutes into the flight, the Boeing 747 jumbo-jet suffered a fatal decompression that ripped off most of the tail. Captain: "No, look." At 6:35p.m., the flight responded, with the flight engineer handling communications to the company. The post-crash investigation surmised that an improper repair like this one would mean the plane would only be able to go through about 10,000 more pressurization cycles. :319 This greatly excited the phugoid motion,:291 and the aircraft pitched up, before pitching back down after power was reduced. Londons investment appeal is unraveling as Arm heads to the U.S. Iceland shows the worldhow to run on reliable and clean energy, Family office of Nintendo heirs says patience is a superpower, Anger among Japan's opposition over plan to clear student debt for having babies, Japan's Cabinet backs use of GPS trackers for defendants on bail, Infinity and beyond: Yayoi Kusamas next evolution. After flying under minimal control for a further 32 minutes, the 747 crashed in the area of Mount Takamagahara . The pressure bulkhead at the back of the Boeing 747s passenger cabin had ruptured, knocking off part of the rear fin and disabling all four hydraulic systems. The accident that occurred in southern Gumma, Japan northwest of Tokyo, killed 520 people. According to Vintage News, the four survivors were Yumi Ochiai (26), then there was a flight attendant who was not on duty at the time of the accident, Keiko Kawakami (12) and a pair of mothers and daughters, Hiroki Yoshizaki and Mikiko Yoshizaki. They did many special features in Japan today about this including one TV show which was based on the true story of this incident. Tokyo Approach then contacted the flight via the SELCAL system, briefly activating the SELCAL alarm again until the flight engineer responded to Tokyo's request. On August 12, 1985, JL123 (JA8119) took off to Osaka Itami Airport from Haneda Airport at 18:12 with 509 passengers and 15 crew members on board. The . Many aviation experts praised the pilot for being able to keep a damaged plane in the air for nearly half an hour. Tragically, as Aerotime Aviation News would report, an investigation would later conclude that the accident was not inevitable. A differential thrust setting caused engine power on the left side to be slightly higher than on the right side. So sudden. According to the accident report, "Suppressing of Dutch roll mode by use of the differential thrust between the right and left engines is estimated practically impossible for a pilot. SHARE. This life, the only one you've known, is something special. to a heading of 100 at 6:45p.m., flying in a loop over Otsuki, due to a thrust imbalance created from having the power setting on Engine 1 (the left-most engine) higher than the other three engines. The crash led to the 2006 opening of the Safety Promotion Center, which is located in the Daini Sogo Building on the grounds of Haneda Airport. He was thrown from his chair and landed in the bushes when the plane hit the mountain. Keiko Kawakami, 12, was thrown from his chair and landed in the bushes as the plane crashed into the mountain. Japan Airlines Corp. is displaying messages at its Safety Promotion Center written by passengers and a cabin attendant before they died in the 1985 jumbo jet crash in Gunma Prefecture that. The crash on August 12, 1985, claimed 520 lives, and the oxygen mask was found near where many victims were located. :296 When the aircraft did not respond to the control wheel being turned left, he expressed confusion, after which the flight engineer reported that the hydraulic pressure was dropping. 123 Japan Airlines Flight 123; . The unpressurized aircraft rose and fell in an altitude range of 20,00024,000 feet (6,1007,300m) for 18 minutes, from the moment of decompression until around 6:40p.m., with the pilots seemingly unable to figure out how to descend without flight controls. View original page. The aircraft reached 13,000 feet (4,000m) at 6:53p.m., when the captain reported an uncontrollable aircraft for the third time. The causes behind both crashes are still. Could Japan Airlines Flight 123 have been flyable had the pilots had access to Boeing engineers? The deadliest single airplane accident occurred on March 27, 1977, when a KLM Boeing 747 attempting to take off from a short runway at the Los Angeles International Airport collided with a Pan Am 747 that was taxiing across the same runway. This increase could be due to the fact that it is a popular basic training aircraft, putting more people in danger. as a small shock, to 6:56:32p.m. Yemenia flight 626 was an Airbus A310. The plane, Japan Air Lines Flight 123, was flying from Tokyo's Haneda Airport to the western city of Osaka when it crashed into the mountain, about 45 minutes after its 6:12 p.m. takeoff . as a larger shock, believed to have been caused by the final crash. So there may still be inaccuracies in translating, please always see Indonesian as our main language. The aircraft was oscillating, climbing, and descending in 4,000 feet cycles, which lasted about 90 seconds each, while at the same time rolling side to side. I have facilitated urgent discussions between a pilot in-flight and Boeing's technical staff. There were 524 people aboard, and all but four were dead by the time rescuers. With many of the aircraft's, The events of Flight 123 were featured in "Out of Control," a, It is featured in season 1, episode 2, of the TV show, The cockpit voice recording of the incident was incorporated into the script of a 1999 play called. Flight. On June 2, 1978 , while operating Japan Air Lines Flight 115, a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight from Tokyo's Haneda Airport to Itami Airport, Osaka Prefecture, JA8119 was carrying out an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to runway 32L at Itami Airport in Japan but bounced heavily on landing. Their efforts were of limited success. Co-pilot: "Flap up, flap up, flap up, flap up!" As the fifth deadliest air carrier, Boeing aircraft account for four of the top five in terms of deaths the Boeing 737-200 is the most lethal, killing 906 people, followed by the original Boeing 737, the Boeing 777-206, and the Boeing MD-82. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Japanese banker Akihisa Yukawa had an undisclosed second family at the time he died in the crash. An off-duty flight attendant who survived the Japan Air Lines disaster said Wednesday that about half an hour before the jumbo jet slammed into a mountain with 524 people aboard, she heard a. Oh God, that is literally my worst fear. Yet according to the Airsafe.com Foundation, there is no logical explanation for that particular statistic. According to the Associated Press, the flight was to be a short one, from Tokyo to Osaka, with a little over an hour in the air. Boeing 747 operations at JAL ended in 2011 when the last 747-400 was returned to the lessor as part of the airlines efforts to cut costs, with twin-engined widebodies such as the Boeing 777, Boeing 787 Dreamliner, and Airbus A350 utilized on the routes instead. Also, the last picture taken by a person just before their death is acceptable. They have no reports of that here. Flap!" The damage was repaired by Boeing technicians, and the aircraft was returned to service. Because that night was a Japanese holiday and many people were going home or going on vacation. You may additional context in comments. Rescue teams set out for the site the following morning. A Glimpse Of Japanese Culture Through The Eyes Of American Servicemen And Women, BTS Sings Jump In Japanese At Japan Muster Fan Meeting, Why There Are No New Yakuza Games On The PlayStation 4. Pictures of people only please! JA8119 made an emergency landing at Itami Airport seven years before the crash, after experiencing a tail strike. At the same time, a loud noise like a "boom" was heard. God, please save me,' as the jumbo jet tumbled through the sky before crashing into a mountainside, his family said Sunday. After traversing Suruga Bay and passing over Yaizu, Shizuoka,:7 at 6:31:02p.m., Tokyo Control asked the crew if they could descend, and Captain Takahama replied that they were now descending, and stated that the aircraft's altitude was 24,000 feet (7,300m) after Tokyo Control requested their altitude. The causes behind both crashes are still being investigated, but one major difference between the two is that one person managed to survive the Yemenia disaster. After September 1, 1985, the flight was changed to Flight 127, now using either Boeing 767 or Boeing 777. It kept flying in an unusual manner for over an hour after it failed on its first attempt. The crew and passengers aboard Flight 123 must have experienced near-unimaginable terror. 'We've heard about a dozen scenarios. :29192, One minute later, the flaps were extended to 25 units, which caused the aircraft to bank dramatically to the right beyond 60, and the nose began to drop. Japan Airlines Flight 123 JA8119on the runway at Osaka International Airportcirca 1984 Accident summary Date 12 August 1985 Type In-flight structural failure, explosive decompression, catastrophic hydraulic failure, maintenance errors Site Mount Osutaka-no-one, Ueno, Gunma Prefecture, Japan The official cause of the crash was attributed to the incident seven years earlier at Osaka, involving the same aircraft, which damaged the rear bulkhead. The aircraft had flown for 8,830 hours at the time of the tailstrike incident. All of the survivors were seated in the rear of the aircraft. When it finally failed, the resulting rapid decompression ruptured the lines of all four hydraulic systems and ejected the vertical stabilizer. Japan Air Lines Flight 123 ( Japanese: ) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Tokyo to Osaka, Japan. :291 During the period from 6:49:03 6:52:11p.m., Japan Air Tokyo attempted to call the aircraft via the selective-calling radio system. Ed Magnuson of Time magazine said that the area where the aircraft crashed was referred to as the "Tibet" of Gunma Prefecture. On August 12, 1985, Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashed into a mountain near Gunma Prefecture, Japan, killing all 520 people on board in the deadliest single . An article in the Pacific Stars and Stripes from 1985 stated that personnel at Yokota were on standby to help with rescue operations, but were never called by the Japanese government. Medical staff later found bodies with injuries suggesting that people had survived the crash only to die from shock, exposure overnight in the mountains, or injuries that, if tended to earlier, would not have been fatal. the aircraft was brought into an abnormal situation which greatly affected continuation of the flight. This could be due to a conflict with your ad-blocking or security software. Japan Airlines Flight 123 was a scheduled domestic Japan Airlines passenger flight from Tokyo's Haneda Airport to Osaka International Airport, Japan. The elapsed time from the bulkhead failure to the crash was 32 minutes. But it also could well not be true.'. But speaking of statistics, even though 2.5 billion of us board a plane every year, we are still more likely to be involved in an automobile accident than a plane crash. Despite the risks involved, the Cessna 152 remains a popular aircraft. Japan Airlines Corp. is displaying messages at its Safety Promotion Center written by passengers and a cabin attendant before they died in the 1985 jumbo jet crash in Gunma Prefecture that claimed 520 lives. Dalam kecelakaan tersebut 520 orang, termasuk penumpang dan pilot, dinyatakan meninggal dunia. A United States Air Force navigator stationed at Yokota Air Base published an account in 1995 that stated that the U.S. military had monitored the distress calls and prepared a search-and-rescue operation that was aborted at the call of Japanese authorities. The component failed while the aircraft was climbing to 23,900 feet on August 12, 1985, as a result of this flaw. All but four passengers were lost in the accident. After 12 minutes of worry-free gliding, the plane suddenly suffered a severe explosive decompression which destroyed the plane's vertical stabilizer and tore off a part of the tail. Remarkably, some passengers survived the crash, though many more would die before help reached them. Kala itu, 505 penumpang dan 15 kru pesawat meninggal dunia. This contributed to further increasing the bank angle to the right. Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747, on its way to Tokyo to Osaka on August 12, 1985, crashed into a forested mountainside (BBC, 2008; BBC, 2005). Tokyo Control approved a right-hand turn to a heading of 090 east back towards Oshima, and the aircraft entered an initial right-hand bank of 40, several degrees greater than observed previously. The bulkhead questions also gave rise to new speculation about the crash of an Air-India Boeing 747 that crashed off Ireland in June, killing all 329 people aboard. ORENBURG, Russia, April 16 (UPI) -- A teenage dance group in Russia is under investigation by officials after a twerking performance video went viral this week. 3 Ways To Take In Extra Fabric On A Kimono Sleeve, How To Get The Garchomp Kimono In Pokemon Sword And Shield, The Makeover Song: A Catchy Tune That Helps Set The Tone For Yakuza 0, Who Plays The Kimono Lady In Midnight Diner, Why The Yakuza Stopped Doing English Dubs. :102. :310 The aircraft then began a right-hand descending 420 turn from a heading of 040 at 6:40p.m. The family of another victim, Kazuo Yoshimura, 43, received a blood-stained note in which Yoshimura asked his wife to look after their children. With Jonathan Aris, Denis Akiyama, Ho Chow, Kameron Louangxay. 'They were corrected by accepted Boeing airline and regulatory agency-approved maintenance procedures. On August 12, 1985, Japan Airlines Flight 123, a flight from Tokyo International Airport (informally called Haneda Airport) to Osaka International Airport (also known as Itami Airport), crashed into Mount Takamagahara. He then ordered the first officer to bank it back, then ordered him to pull up. Three-quarters of the head injuries and 27% of the chest injuries were caused by cervical and thoracic spine fractures, respectively. Aug. 11, 2015 3:51 am ET. However, Keiko was found under the wreckage of the plane. NEW YORK, March 26 (UPI) -- Emilia Clarke does not regret turning down the lead role in the movie adaptation of the erotic novel Fifty Shades of Grey. It looks like you're using an ad blocker. However, the airline was never responsible for the accident. Japan Airlines Flight 123: The crash that made outcasts of my children On the 24th anniversary of the worst crash in aviation history, Elizabeth Grice talks to the lover of one of its victims,. When the plane was airborne as high as 7,300 meters in the skies of Tokyo the first emergency call came from the pilot. The plane crashed into a mountainside in central Japan, killing 520 people. The disaster left 520 people dead and only four survivors. Japan Airlines Flight 123 is featured in the Mayday (called Air Emergency in the U.S. and Air Crash Investigation in other countries outside Canada) episode "Out of Control". :322 At 6:51p.m., the captain lowered the flaps 5 units as an additional attempt to exert control over the stricken jet. None of the pilots put on their oxygen masks, however, though the captain simply replied "yes" to both suggestions by the flight engineer to do so. Some of them considered switching to All Nippon Airways, JAL's main competitor, as a safer alternative. ), near Mount Osutaka. The four survivors, all women, were seated on the left side and toward the middle of seat rows 5460, in the rear of the aircraft. A First Class redemption between North America and Japan, Korea, or India costs 70,000 miles one-way . Kawaguchi's will, discovered by his family in his jacket pocket Saturday, was written in the final moments before the jet crashed into Mount Otsutake in a remote area of Gumma district. Japan Airlines flight 123, which was traveling from Tokyo to Singapore, crashed on August 12, 1985. Although experts tell us there are some ways in which you can increase your odds of surviving a plane crash (sit within five rows of an exit door, study the safety card, etc. There were four people who survived the incident, and they are all said to be doing well. In the case of JAL 123, Boeing technicians mistakenly used two splice plates, which weren't strong enough to withstand the repeated cycles of pressurization and depressurization imagine the way your ears pop during takeoff and landing that airplanes go through as part of normal usage.
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