Plants are a highly diverse group of organisms with a long evolutionary history, during which they have evolved an astonishing variety of shapes and sizes. He has been a teacher for nine years, has written for TED-Ed, and is the founder of www.MrAscience.com. Our journey has taken us through 40 powers of 10. Recognizing and reconciling spatial and temporal scales are central to any question posed by a geomorphologist. In the case of climate change, a scientist or geographer would use a temporal scale to assess how much . Spanning smaller distances, a few hundred to a few thousand kilometres, and possessing shorter lifetimes, a few to several days, this class contains the migrating cyclones and anticyclones that control day-to-day weather changes. You can look at the past 100 years, and see how human activities have changed the climate. Spatial Analysis in Health Geography. It is important to appreciate that phenomena can be considered or observed at multiple scales. Globalization has impacted societies around the world as the sharing of products has contributed to the perception that cultures are losing their individuality. Scale in Geography and Cartography. At night, as the slopes cool, the direction of airflow is reversed, and cool downslope drainage motion occurs. Landscape features exist at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and these naturally affect spatial genetic structure and our ability to make inferences about gene flow. In this context, this study combined the GEE data platform and feature space method to monitor the spatial distribution of salinized soil in the Yellow River Basin through zone modeling. Answer (1 of 6): Very simply speaking-temporal is time related while spatial space related, in other words these are two class of entities which depend upon time or space! It's important to observe climate change - and many other important phenomena - at many scales so that we can fully understand what's going on. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. In contrast, climate change largely exists at the global scale. As we'll discuss in later modules, the global rise in seafood demandhas caused the depletion of fish stocks. 13 chapters | In these GIS fields, the spatial data becomes much more complex and difficult to use. The land breeze is typically shallower than the sea breeze since the cooling of the atmosphere over land is confined to a shallower layer at night than the heating of the air during the day. Everyone around the globe relies on natural resources to support their lives as well as their local and national economies. . For example, we can observe climate change at the global scale, since climate is a global process. In focussing on a certain spatial scale, a scale linking approach to design would at least consider the next scale down of boundaries that define component parts, and the next scale up of the wider . You could study what the area around your creek looked like 100,000 years ago. Stream Discharge Overview & Calculation | What is Stream Discharge? However, the decision to cut down the tree can be connected to other political, economic, cultural, and environmental processes that operate at national, regional and international scales. 1B, there is a positive association between the temporal and spatial scales of observational units in studies documenting a climate-conflict link. A fringe of a myriad comets too faint to see completes the solar system. And in 10 seconds, the next square will be 10 times as wide. Are these some quarks at intense interaction? The sediment variability showed different characteristics in each survey. Authors: Petra Tschakert, Assistant Professor of Geography; Karl Zimmerer, Professor and Department Head of Geography; Brian King, Assistant Professor of Geography; Seth Baum, Graduate Assistant and Ph.D. student in Geography and Chongming Wang, Teaching Assistant, Geography. The concept of scale evolves from the representation of . Different phenomena require vastly different scales. This emptiness is normal. Anthropogenic Climate Change Factors, Impact & Examples | What is Anthropogenic Climate Change? Given that distribution patterns of biodiversity vary at different spatial and temporal scales . According to the new "flux of nature" paradigm in ecology a given site has no telos and is constantly changing. A large-scale map has a smaller ratio (1:10,000 or 1:25,000) and would have more details such as streets and building footprints. A nice depiction of scale can be found in the following video (9:01): PRESENTER: The picnic near the Lakeside in Chicago is the start of a lazy afternoon, early one October. These winds are also called anabatic flow. Scale is an essential geographic concept. Tomorrow? Maybe you want to study the Sahara Desert, which crosses 12 countries. For epidemiologists, and for the management and administration of health . If we only observed climate change at the global scale, we would miss this variation from one location to another. Because spatial phenomena come in incredibly different size classes, geographers have conducted analyses across many orders of spatial magnitude. This square is 10 to 16th meters, one light year. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Now we come upon the two inner electrons held in a tighter swarm. Temporal Scaling. Abstract The variability of the bottom sediment grain size was estimated at two sites located at 8.5 and 12.5 m depth across the Ebro Delta inner shelf from cores taken at the beginning and end of three one-month-long current meter + turbidimeter deployments. The time-dependent approaches of early geomorphology were displaced by time-independent and process-oriented approaches in . The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the concepts, terminology and methods related to analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in digital data. Spatial and Temporal Scales. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Or they might be used to compare the rates of climate change across various regions. 4. When air is lifted, it enters a region of lower pressure and expands. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe.It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union.Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of around 84 . the effectiveness of an inversion algorithm for the extraction of riverine and estuarine CDOM properties at global scales. Human disturbance is ubiquitous and long-standing, and at certain spatial and temporal scales is "incorporated". spatial: [adjective] relating to, occupying, or having the character of space. I fear that, in recent years, too many ecologists have yielded to the temptation of finding a problem that can be . Center of Population Overview & Median | What is a Population Center? If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. However, not all communities have access to the same kinds of resources in the same amounts. For example, measuring the changes in Earth's average temperature due to anthropogenic climate change requires a global scale. The mapping of research domains by spatial and temporal scales in Fig. The nucleus within holds the heredity of the man in the coiled coils of DNA. Organized wind systems occur in spatial dimensions ranging from tens of metres to thousands of kilometres and possess residence times that vary from seconds to weeks. There are protons and neutrons in every nucleus. yet the scale, geography, motivations, and impacts of these movements are highly variable, making migration an incredibly pervasive and . Seven, six, five, four, three, two, one. I can tell by those sunglasses, rain boots, weather vane and barometer that you are a budding climatologist. An individual living in the Brazilian Amazon might decide to cut down a tree to collect firewood, to sell the wood, or to clear land for farming. This chapter focuses on space and time, why they are inseparable, thus difficult to consider in their entirety. This courseware module is offered as part of the Repository of Open and Affordable Materials at Penn State. Temporal Geographic Information System (GIS) is an emerging capability in GIS for integrating temporal data with location and attribute data. An error occurred trying to load this video. The course will discuss and analyze how patterns can be identified, measured and tested statistically through a series of lectures, hands-on exercises and student presentations. Such conditions are satisfied in areas in which major ice sheets or cold elevated land surfaces border warmer large bodies of water. Trade agreements between Brazil and other countries shape the systems of economic exchange, and international demand for hardwoods such as mahogany (in the United States and Europe in particular) create incentives to deforest tropical rainforests. Our decisions and food choice are also linked to political and economic processes at multiple scales, but we need to think about the types of impacts our individual decisions have for the natural world. 10 to the fourth meters, 10 kilometers, the distance a supersonic airplane can travel in 10 seconds. You can even look back 200 million years and study climate change caused by galactic dust as our solar system travels through the galaxy. For example, the change in temperature as late spring turns into summer might be measured in "degrees per day" while the changes in temperature from global warming might be measured in "degrees per year.". In contrast, daytime solar radiation heats the land surface more quickly because it does not penetrate more than a few centimetres below the land surface. 1. As air ascends on the windward side of the mountain, its cooling rate may be moderated by heat that is released during the formation of precipitation. Sea and land breezes occur along the coastal regions of oceans or large lakes in the absence of a strong large-scale wind system during periods of strong daytime heating or nighttime cooling. Followed by the massive outer planets, swinging wide and their big orbits. Collection from 1st producer point leads to A person uses spatial-temporal reasoning to solve . The present discussion focuses on less intense, though nevertheless commonly observed, wind systems that are found in rather specific geographic locations and thus are often referred to as local wind systems. Let's take a look at the concept of scale by examining your neighborhood in Map 2.4.2.Click on the Find my location icon (the circle icon on the left side of the map) to have the blue dot appear in your current location.In the bottom-left hand corner of the map you will see a scale bar that indicates how distance on the map relates to distance in the real world. Globalization is a hotly debated concept, but it is generally understood as the increasing integration of societies around the world through improvements in transportation and communication technologies. Coastal regions battle rising sea levels and the ground is shifting below Arctic communities as the permafrost melts. Different spatial scales are used to measure various phenomena that happen differently across space. It takes around 100,000 years for Earth's shifting orbit to alter the climate. Changes in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, for example, are rather small. In an effort to further investigation into critical development facets of geographic information systems (GIS), this book explores the reasoning processes that apply to geographic space and time. Just remember, the further into the future or the past that you go, the less reliable your data will be. distribution [distr-bushun] 1. the specific location or arrangement of continuing or successive objects or events in space or time. First, monitoring is extremely localized without large-scale coverage. In this class, vertical motions may be as significant as horizontal movement, and the Coriolis force often plays a less important role. Studying anthropogenic climate change over the past two centuries would require another. 6. Scale is integral to developing a scientific and policy-oriented understanding of our environment. We enter the white cell, among its vital organelles, the porous wall of the cell nucleus appears. Production/Capture: wild capture, aquaculture, aquaponics (fish & vegetable) leads to But when comparing spatial vs. temporal scales, it is important to keep in mind that variables can increase or decrease across time and space simultaneously. The integration can be economic, political, or cultural. A related but different issue is the resolution, or grain, that refers to the smallest detectable event or property at a particular scale. Another subset of katabatic flow, called foehn winds (also known as chinook winds east of the Rocky Mountains and as Santa Ana winds in southern California), is induced by adiabatic temperature changes occurring as air flows over a mountain. Spatial and temporal scales are important parts of the natural systems concept. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. This chapter focuses on space and time, why they are inseparable, thus . Your creek would have been at a very different position on the globe, and thus would have a very different climate than it does today. In the temporal domain, most observations were either unreplicated or infrequently repeated (>1 month interval) and 1 year . Scale is a central concept in developing species distribution models with gis. And as we pull away, we begin to see the great flat spiral facing us. A second class is known as the synoptic scale. A million meters. Maps are not complete without a scale. A related but different issue is the resolution, or grain, that refers to the smallest detectable event or property at a particular scale. In very rough terms, scale refers to how big or small something is. At last we pass the bright star Arcturus, and some stars of the Dipper. People elsewhere may not be significantly affected. Among all, flowering plants (angiosperms) with almost 300,000 . Organized wind systems occur in spatial dimensions ranging from tens of metres to thousands of kilometres and possess residence times that vary from seconds to weeks. cartographic to problem scale. Our last 10 second step took us 10 light years further. The main conclusions of our performance analysis were: Thus, a temporal scale can be thought of as how "zoomed in" or "zoomed out" one's view of a phenomenon might be. That time and path we chose to leave Chicago has brought us out of the galaxy along a course nearly perpendicular to its disk. Our perspective changes so much in each step now, that even the background stars will appear to converge. Scale classes. Map or cartographic scale is the ratio of a distance on Earth compared to the same distance on a map. For example, water pollution can occur at a small scale, such as a small creek, or at a large scale, such as the Chesapeake Bay. Such winds may be relatively gentle or may occur in strong gusts, depending on the topographic configuration. Some examples can help us understand scale. %PDF-1.3
%
1 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 47 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 49 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<< /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 26 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica-Condensed /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /Widths
[ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 250 500 500 833 667 250 333 333 500 500 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 500 500 500 500 800 556 556 556 611 500 444 611 611 278 444 556 500 778 611 611 556 611 611 556 500 611 556 833 556 556 500 333 250 333 500 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 222 222 444 222 778 500 500 500 500 333 444 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 274 250 274 500 250 556 556 556 500 611 611 611 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 222 222 222 222 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 500 500 500 333 440 500 800 800 750 333 333 250 833 611 250 500 250 250 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 300 300 250 667 500 500 333 500 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 556 556 611 833 722 500 1000 389 389 222 222 500 250 444 556 167 500 278 278 500 500 500 250 222 389 1111 556 500 556 500 500 278 278 278 278 611 611 250 611 611 611 611 222 333 333 333 333 250 250 333 333 333 333
] /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255
>>
endobj
3 0 obj
<< /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 28 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica-Condensed-Bold /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /Widths
[ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 333 500 500 833 667 250 333 333 500 500 333 333 333 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 500 500 500 500 833 556 556 556 611 500 500 611 611 278 444 556 500 778 611 611 556 611 611 556 500 611 556 833 556 556 500 333 250 333 500 500 333 500 500 444 500 500 278 500 500 278 278 444 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 444 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 274 250 274 500 250 556 556 556 500 611 611 611 500 500 500 500 500 500 444 500 500 500 500 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 500 500 500 420 550 500 830 830 860 333 333 250 778 611 250 500 250 250 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 300 300 250 722 500 500 333 500 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 556 556 611 833 722 500 1000 500 500 278 278 500 250 444 556 167 500 278 278 500 500 500 333 278 500 1111 556 500 556 500 500 278 278 278 278 611 611 250 611 611 611 611 278 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333
] /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<< /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 30 0 R /BaseFont /TimesNRMT /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /Widths
[ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 271 406 667 500 823 771 177 333 333 500 667 271 333 271 281 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 271 271 668 667 668 385 917 771 667 719 823 667 667 823 823 385 438 823 667 990 823 771 604 771 771 552 667 823 719 990 771 771 667 271 281 271 469 500 333 500 552 438 552 438 333 500 552 271 271 552 271 823 552 552 552 552 385 385 333 552 500 719 500 500 438 479 198 479 542 250 771 771 719 667 823 771 823 500 500 500 500 500 500 438 438 438 438 438 271 271 271 271 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 500 396 438 500 385 354 448 552 760 760 979 333 333 250 1000 771 250 667 250 250 500 521 250 250 250 250 250 313 344 250 667 552 385 271 667 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 771 771 771 1000 719 500 1000 500 500 271 271 668 250 500 771 333 500 271 271 552 552 500 271 333 500 1000 771 667 771 667 667 385 385 385 385 771 771 250 771 823 823 823 271 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333
] /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<< /Count 10 /Type /Pages /Kids
[ 1 0 R 6 0 R 8 0 R 10 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R
] /MediaBox
[ 0 0 648 792
]
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 50 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 53 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<< /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 32 0 R /BaseFont /TimesNRMT-Italic /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /Widths
[ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 271 406 667 500 823 719 177 500 500 500 667 271 333 271 281 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 668 667 668 385 917 719 667 719 771 667 604 719 823 385 500 719 667 990 771 771 667 771 719 604 667 771 719 990 719 719 719 500 281 500 427 500 333 500 500 438 500 438 333 500 500 271 271 531 271 771 500 500 500 500 385 385 333 500 438 667 552 500 438 479 271 479 542 250 719 719 719 667 771 771 771 500 500 500 500 500 500 438 438 438 438 438 271 271 271 271 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 604 396 500 500 604 354 448 500 760 760 979 333 333 250 990 771 250 667 250 250 500 521 250 250 250 250 250 313 313 250 604 500 385 271 667 250 500 250 250 500 500 1000 250 719 719 771 1000 604 500 1000 500 500 271 271 668 250 500 719 239 500 333 333 552 552 604 271 333 500 1000 719 667 719 667 667 385 385 385 385 771 771 250 771 771 771 771 271 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333
] /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 54 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 55 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<< /LastChar 255 /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 24 0 R /BaseFont /Symbol /Widths
[ 250 549 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
] /Encoding 38 0 R /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /ToUnicode 39 0 R
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 56 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 57 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<< /LastChar 255 /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 34 0 R /BaseFont /ZapfDingbats /Widths
[ 278 791 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278
] /Encoding 40 0 R /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /ToUnicode 41 0 R
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 58 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 60 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 61 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 62 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<< /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 36 0 R /BaseFont /TimesNRMT-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Widths
[ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 271 552 667 500 875 771 281 333 333 500 667 271 333 271 281 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 271 271 667 667 667 385 927 719 667 719 771 667 604 771 823 385 552 719 667 990 771 823 667 823 719 604 667 771 719 990 719 719 719 271 281 271 583 500 333 500 500 438 500 438 333 500 500 271 271 552 271 771 500 500 500 500 385 385 333 500 438 667 552 500 438 396 219 396 521 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 438 500 250 250 250 250 250 750 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 667 250 250 250 573 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
] /Type /Font /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 63 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 64 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 65 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 66 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 65 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 67 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<< /CropBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /BleedBox
[ 20 12 628 781
] /TrimBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /MediaBox
[ 56 48 592 745
] /Resources 68 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Contents 69 0 R /Type /Page
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<< /Gray 23 0 R /Blue 22 0 R /HalftoneType 5 /Default 23 0 R /Red 20 0 R /Magenta 21 0 R /Black 23 0 R /Yellow 22 0 R /Green 21 0 R /Cyan 20 0 R /Type /Halftone
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<< /Angle 105 /Frequency 133 /HalftoneType 1 /SpotFunction /Round /Type /Halftone
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<< /Angle 75 /Frequency 133 /HalftoneType 1 /SpotFunction /Round /Type /Halftone
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<< /Angle 90 /Frequency 133 /HalftoneType 1 /SpotFunction /Round /Type /Halftone
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<< /Angle 45 /Frequency 133 /HalftoneType 1 /SpotFunction /Round /Type /Halftone
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<< /FontFile3 25 0 R /CapHeight 0 /Ascent 0 /Flags 4 /ItalicAngle 0 /Descent 0 /FontName /Symbol /FontBBox
[ -180 -293 1090 1010
] /StemH 92 /Type /FontDescriptor /StemV 85
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<< /Filter /FlateDecode /Subtype /Type1C /Length 17132
>>
stream
What Kind Of Jewelry Did Pirates Wear,
German Military Parka,
Articles S
