It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. 1509. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. Philip died shortly after the negotiations. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. : (April 25, 1883. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. Up to a point, he succeeded. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. For him, it was never about glory and battle. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Not only was . This revived an earlier practice of using a small (and trusted) group of the Privy Council as a personal or Prerogative Court, able to cut through the cumbersome legal system and act swiftly. [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Their main aim was money. Get help and learn more about the design. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. Consultant editor for the. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! Henry was devastated. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. Happy St Davids Day! Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates. Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. [2] His father died three months before his birth. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Watch with Prime Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. He was the last king of England to win . So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth.
Carroll County, Arkansas Republican Party,
Nicknames For Callahan,
Rosscreations Friends,
Is Katie Green Still On Ksfo,
Port Clinton Police Dispatch Log,
Articles W
