full record; other . SBF supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) was carefully calculated, considering all the association . It was conducted by adding CaCl2.2H2O 8 mM into Na2HPO4.2H2O 8 mM and . With the calcium approach, typically based on the use of lime as the calcium source, the precipitate is hydroxyapatite, Ca 5 OH(PO 4) 3. To ensure that the calcium and phosphate do not combine (forming chalk) and precipitate It is a naturally occurring mineral that is a large component of bones and teeth. osti.gov journal article: quantitative aspects of nucleation in calcium phosphate precipitation. The aim of this study was to investigate under what conditions calcium phosphate precipitation is a significant phosphorus removal mechanism. CPC set by mixing pH and pK a equilibria relevant to calcium and phosphate compat-ibility. However, different ratios of TTCP/DCPA were investigated and reported [10]. And high concentrations (>500 nmol/mg mitochondria) lead to respiratory uncoupling and membrane damage. Under drifting pH and pH 4.5, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO 4 2H 2 O) is the predominant phase at both temperatures; however, some samples also present peaks ascribed to dicalcium phosphate . The understanding of calcium phosphate precipitation is of major interest in different fields of science, including medicine, biomaterials, and physical chemistry. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals occur in up to 60% of osteoarthritic joints and predict an increased severity of arthritis. The red cross denotes the intersection of Calcium (mEq/L) and Phosphate (mMol/L) concentrations in the TPN solution being evaluated. Calcium phosphate solubility also plays a maior The chemical process is based on the precipitation of the phosphorus, as a phosphate, with calcium, iron or aluminum salts. Based on differences in the effluent water, the Ca/P molar ratio of the precipitate was found to be around 1-1.3. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in . 1103M to 6102M, [NaOH]/[H3PO4]1.75, pH 7.4) was studied at 25 and 37. tricalcium phosphate vs calcium carbonate. Calcium-phosphate . Precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate incorporating Mg2+, Na+, K+, $$ {\text{CO}}_{3}^{2 - } $$ and Cl ions at levels close to those of natural enamel, dentin and bone, instead of the thermodynamically stable hydroxyapatite, was experimentally found. The purpose of this study was to examine if the formation of calcium-phosphate microprecipitates interferes with flow cytometry determination of microparticles. Once isolated, the particles were dipped into liquid nitrogen and lyophilized. The hydrolysis of pyrophosphate was measured by determining the quantity of radiolabel in the phosphomolybdate precipitate before and after exposure to ACVs . Calcium phosphate co-precipitation has been a popular transfection method since its introduction in the early 1970s (Graham and van der Eb, 1973) because the components it requires are easily available and inexpensive. Thereby, one has to keep in mind that in practice the kinetics of calcium phosphate precipitation plays a major role than thermodynamic equilibrium considerations. The process is pH-dependent, with optimum results in the highly basic (pH = 10-12) range. It is possible that specific adsorption of Mg(OH)2 on the . The keys to understanding the chemical reactions and relative risks for calcium phosphate precipitation are as follows: The clinically relevant dissocia-tion equilibria for which the pK a2 of Given these dosages the committee agreed that the resulting ratio of 0.75:1 to 1:1 of calcium to phosphate intake would be appropriate. But relatively little is known about the effect of moderate calcium concentrations (10-500 nmol/mg . The presence of additive biomacromolecules has been known to influence various stages of the precipitation process from nucleation to crystal growth. quantitative aspects of nucleation in calcium phosphate precipitation. The calcium phosphate phases which precipitate in solutions containing calcium and phosphate ions are markedly dependent upon factors such as pH, supersaturation, ionic strength, temperature and . Calcium phosphate, for example, hydroxyl apatite, is a product directly comparable to rock phosphate. If the patient is acidotic, however, the acetate salt of these agents can be used. The results showed that calcium phosphate precipitation occurred in all the systems at sufficiently high concentrations of calcium and phosphate. The phosphate is usually given as a potassium salt and the rest of the potassium and the sodium is usually given as the chloride salt. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the mineral phase found at the sites of initial mineral deposition in bones and teeth [12 . Formation of calcium phosphate on alkali- and heat-treated titanium surfaces was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is the solubility that determines the direction of many reactions that involve calcium phosphates such as dissolution, precipitation, hydrolysis, and phase transformation. Furthermore, the technique is easy to master, it is effective with many types of cultured cells, and it can be used for both . Calcium phosphate | Ca3(PO4)2 or Ca3O8P2 | CID 24456 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological . Calcium phosphate precipitation may be an important mechanism in EBPR processes especially in hard waters. tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Based on differences in the effluent water, the Ca/P molar ratio of the precipitate was found to be around 1-1.3. Cells will tend to phagocytose the calcium phosphate nanoparticles . As we understand it today, low concentrations (1-10 nmol/mg mitochondria) of calcium exert beneficial effects on energy transduction. Calcium phosphate co-precipitation has been a popular transfection method since its introduction in the early 1970s (Graham and van der Eb, 1973) because the components it requires are easily available and inexpensive. pH and pK a equilibria relevant to calcium and phosphate compat-ibility. So, calcium diphosphate is insoluble in blood plasma, which means that an equilibrium reaction is established between the solid and the dissolved ions Furthermore, the technique is easy to master, it is effective with many types of cultured cells, and it can be used for both . Incubate with cells. The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca 2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. The amounts of calcium and phosphate added must be considered, with a greater chance of precipitation if the amount of one or both is increased above standard. Calcium and phosphate solutions (Ca/P = 1.0) are mixed and kept under stirring for 3 h. The precipitate is freeze-dried and characterized. Calcium phosphate co-precipitation has been a popular transfection method since its introduction in the early 1970s (Graham and van der Eb, 1973) because the components it requires are easily available and inexpensive. But relatively little is known about the effect of moderate . The present studies show that the previously reported ability of fetuin to inhibit the precipitation of hydroxyapatite from supersaturated solutions of calcium and phosphate in vitro is accompanied by the formation of the fetuin-mineral complex, a high molecular mass complex of calcium phosphate mineral and the proteins fetuin and matrix Gla protein that was initially discovered in the serum . Precipitation of slightly soluble calcium phosphates from aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (3104M to 1101M) and sodium phosphate (Ptot. Solubility is one of the most important properties of calcium phosphate salts. The precipitate was dried at 100 C overnight and then some samples were treated at 900C for 2 h. Secondly, and more importantly, in the presence of severe calcification inhibitor deficiencies, calcium and phosphate appear to precipitate and deposit in tissues so rapidly that a rise in serum Ca and P concentrations is no longer detectable. The committee acknowledged that phosphate may be needed in higher dosage as the baby grows, and therefore if indicated by low serum phosphate a higher dosage should be administered. The steps for transfection with Calcium Phophate are very straight forward: Generate DNA strand (circular DNA is much easier to introduce) Mix calcium phosphate with DNA and generate nanoparticulate precipitates. In the current work, well-defined sequences of short, negatively charged peptides . At these pH values Mg(OH)2 also preci- pitates and its formation has been proposed as a factor in improving the settling properties of the calcium phosphate-carbonate suspension. And high concentrations (>500 nmol/mg mitochondria) lead to respiratory uncoupling and membrane damage. Based on differences in the effluent water, the Ca/P molar ratio of the precipitate was found to be around 1-1.3. As calcium-phosphate has limited solubility, it is possible that calcium-phosphate precipitation can occur in phosphate-containing fluids when Ca ++ is added (22,23). Abstract. An experiment has been conducted to fi nd out the effect of ion carbonate in the calcium phosphate precipitation process. Originally, CPC was composed of an aqueous solution such as water and acid solutions which demonstrated an acid-base reaction with a powder of several calcium orthophosphate combinations. The compound has a variety of roles in . A calcium phosphate precipitation process was found which could reduce chemical costs from one-half to one-sixth of the 20 to 50/mil gal projected for current methods using alum, lime, or iron salts. If the red cross falls to the right of the appropriate curve, then CaPhos precipitation is likely to occur. This method relies on in situ formation of hydroxide ions by electro mediated water reduction at a titanium cathode surface. . Lyophilized powders were analyzed by FTIR in transmission mode using . The in situ raised pH at the cathode provides a local environment where CaP will . The precipitate was isolated via centrifugation for 8 minutes. This reveals that kinetic factors are decisive for the precipitation processes. Select cells expressing the DNA of interest. As we understand it today, low concentrations (1-10 nmol/mg mitochondria) of calcium exert beneficial effects on energy transduction. types of plastics used in aircraft pdf . Furthermore, the technique is easy to master, it is effective with many types of cultured cells, and it can be used for both . The driving force and nucleation rate of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) precipitation in simulated body fluid (SBF) were analyzed based on the classical crystallization theory. Author summary Mitochondrial calcium handling has been studied for nearly half a century. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. In this study, mesoporous particles of -tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Ca3(PO4)2) and lanthanum (La) doped TCP were synthesized using wet precipitation method attached with microwave refluxing . Consequently, in this situation, serum Ca and P may be a misleading source to assess the risk of . Calcium phosphate is a compound that contains both calcium and phosphorus. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritious value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. phosphate, magnesium, and calcium. Thus, in most cases, spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate from the . In the following example, one would not expect CaPhos to precipitate out of solution. calcium phosphate solubility are also presented. The keys to understanding the chemical reactions and relative risks for calcium phosphate precipitation are as follows: The clinically relevant dissocia-tion equilibria for which the pK a2 of SBF supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) was carefully calculated, considering all the association . The results showed that calcium phosphate precipitation occurred in all the systems at sufficiently high concentrations of calcium and phosphate. Calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and phosphoric acid were used as reagents. Moreover, calcium phosphate, #"Ca"_3("PO"_4)_2#, has a solubility product constant of about #2.0 * 10^(-33)#, much, much smaller than what you have there. The results showed that calcium phosphate precipitation occurred in all the systems at sufficiently high concentrations of calcium and phosphate. The driving force and nucleation rate of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) precipitation in simulated body fluid (SBF) were analyzed based on the classical crystallization theory. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient membrane free electrochemical system for P removal and recovery as calcium phosphate (CaP). calcium phosphate solubility are also presented. For this purpose a laboratory-scale experiment was performed where two aerobic activated sludge . Precipitates isolated 24 hours after mixing were identified by means of light and electron microscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction, chemical analyses and . The samples were prepared by immersing the alkali- and heat-treated titanium in a revised simulated body fluid (R-SBF) with the same HCO (3) (-) concentration level as in human blood plasma. Calcium phosphate precipitation in wastewater treatment normally involves raising the pH to 10.5 or higher. The precipitate was commonly precipitated as amorphous calcium phosphate, however seven of the 14 Pseudomonas strains tested precipitated amorphous apatite in agar adjacent to the colonies. The order in which calcium and phosphate are added is important; phosphate is generally added first, while calcium is added near the end of the compounding sequence. Calcium phosphate precipitation at slightly alkaline pH values John F. Ferguson, David Jenkins, and John Eastman The precipitation of calcium phos phate from wastewater at pH values slightly above 7 offers the prospect of sub stantial savings in chemical costs over cur rently used phosphate precipitation proc esses using lime, alum, or iron .
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