Supporting Information Synthesis and characterization methods, EDX spectra, TEM, and FE-SEM figures. The GO was. Graphene continues to demonstrate its seemingly limitless potential for engineers and scientists. Graphene aerogel materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their large specific surface area, high conductivity and electronic interactions. This work details the synthesis, materials characterization and absorption capacity of graphene aerogel (GA) loaded with UiO-66-NH 2 metal organic framework (MOF). In this work, three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene aerogel (RGAs) with hierarchical porous and high electrical conductivity were synthesized via simple low temperature chemical . Three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks have aroused great interest because they effectively solve the agglomeration problem of graphene powder and improve its utilization efficiency. K 1 at room temperature), low refractive index and low dielectric constant [ 39 ]. Reduced graphene oxide aerogel (RGOA) is synthesized successfully through a simultaneous self-assembly and reduction process using hypophosphorous acid and I2 as reductant. Electrical conductivity the most prevalent and important property of graphene. Due to their fascinating properties, such as, high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, thermal resistance and adsorption capacity, they have attracted a lot of interest currently. 20 First, 140 mg of GO was dispersed in 90 mL of deionized (DI) water by sonication for 30 min. The name is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains numerous double bonds.. Each atom in a graphene sheet is connected to its three nearest neighbors by a strong . The combination of a . Recently, 3D graphene aerogel has garnered a high interest aiming at benefiting of the excellent properties of graphene in devices for energy storage or environmental remediation. A 3D, porous CNFs aerogel with an absorption capacity for water, oils, and organic solvents was used as a frame for the rGO to coating. This review, covers the main routes for obtaining GAs namely . First, the mixture of graphite oxide, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, urea and potassium . Recently, Lee et al. The resulting gels are supercritically dried and then thermally reduced to yield graphene aerogels with densities approaching 10 mg/cm(3). Graphene (/ r f i n /) is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice nanostructure. Graphene aerogel synthesis was carried out by sol-gel polymerizaion of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) with sodium carbonate as a catalyst (C) in an aqueous suspension of GO. our go-based graphene aero- gel with ultrane pore size also produced excellent mechanical properties, enhanced electrical conductiv- ities, and robust thermal stability with the improve- mentingraphenequality.thermalgravimetricanalysis (tga) in oxygen was performed on the gma to deter- mineitsthermalstabilityinair.figure5ashowsthatas the gma is It was shown that Ti 3 C 2 TxMXene aerogel could be aligned along a temperature gradient in the sub-millimeter region with a strain . 53, 54 also, to obtain a conductive polymer during the The holes in the structure also allow phonons to pass through unimpeded, which gives rise to a high thermal conductivity. They were easily produced by heating a 2 mg/ml GO aqueous dispersion sealed in a Teflon-lined autoclave at 18C for 12 h. After freeze-drying, the resultant hydrogels had well-defined and physically interconnected 3D porous networks. These materials are prepared as monolithic solids from suspensions of single-layer graphene oxide in which organic sol-gel chemistry is used to cross-link the individual sheets. Unfortunately, the conventional PCMs are usually not an electrical . In this study, chemical modification approaches of graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol (GOP) aerogels are presented. Zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, one-dimensional (1D) carbon materials, and two-dimensional (2D) graphene materials have distinctive properties and thus received immense attention from the early 2000s. 50 nm) forming a pomegranatelike structure. . Synthesis of Mn x Fe 3x O 4 -Decorated Graphene Aerogel Mn x Fe 3x O 4 was impregnated into a graphene aerogel using metal salts and GO as precursors and hydrazine monohydrate as a reducing agent. A unique hierarchically nanostructured composite of iron oxide/carbon (Fe3O4/C) nanospheresdoped threedimensional (3D) graphene aerogel has been fabricated by a onepot hydrothermal strategy. The graphene aerogels also possess large surface areas (584 m 2 /g) and pore volumes (2.96 cm 3 /g), making these materials viable candidates for use in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. we recently reported the synthesis of carbon nanotube (cnt)aerogels that exhibited high electrical conductivity and robust mechanical properties.26the cnt aerogels were shown to be the stiffest low-density solid reported and were also highly elastic.these materials were assembled through the formation of covalent carbon cross-links between cnt These graphene aerogels exhibit an improvement in bulk electrical conductivity of more than 2 orders of magnitude (1 10 (2) S/m) compared to graphene assemblies with physical cross-links alone (5 10 (-1) S/m). A unique hierarchically nanostructured composite of iron oxide/carbon (Fe 3 O 4 /C) nanospheres-doped three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel has been fabricated by a one-pot hydrothermal strategy. What is aerogel?Aerogel is created by combining a polymer with a solvent to form a gel, and then removing the liquid from the gel and replacing it with gas (usually air). Automotive and aerospace industries require advanced materials capable of multifunctional abilities while guaranteeing limited weight and volume and simple processing. The resulting gels are supercritically dried and then thermally reduced to yield graphene aerogels with densities approaching 10 mg/cm (3). Introduction. Sulfur groups in the glucose struts strengthen the GA papers owing to hydrogen bonding and thiol-carboxylic acid esterification. These graphene aerogels exhibit an improve- We recently reported the synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) ment in bulk electrical conductivity of more than 2 orders of aerogels that exhibited high electrical conductivity and robust magnitude (1 102 S/m) compared to graphene assemblies mechanical properties.26 The CNT aerogels were shown to . In this novel nanostructured composite aerogel, uniform Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals (5-10 nm) are individually embedded in carbon nanospheres (ca. The resulting graphene aerogels present low density, large macroporosity, and electrical conductivity values as high as 852 S m 1, with 97.58% of porosity, which is the highest value of electrical conductivity reported so far in the literature for ultralight-weight graphene aerogels. Cellular materials such as graphene-based aerogels represent a promising solution. The gravimetric capacitance (Cs) of GAMs is 213 F g1 at 0.5 A g1 and 183 F g1 at 100 A g1, and retains over 90% after 50 000 cycles. Aerogel, generated by the replacement of liquid inside a gel with gas by freeze-drying or supercritical drying technique, was first presented by S. Kistler in the 1930s [].As the lightest solid porous material in the world, it has attracted wide attention owing to its three-dimensional (3D) network structure, high specific surface area, extremely low-density, and thermal conductivity [2,3,4]. (2015) reported porous, flexible, free standing graphene-aerogel paper synthesized from acid-treated glucose-strutted GAs via mechanical compression (Figure 4 ). The high air content (99.98% air by volume) makes it one of the world's lightest solid material. The 3D printed graphene aerogels are lightweight, highly conductive and exhibit supercompressibility (up to 90% compressive strain). The chemically converted graphene xerogel (CCGX) exhibited superior electrical conductivity (up to 500 S m 1) and high C/O atomic ratio (14.7), which were the highest values reported for the graphene -based xerogel. These materials are prepared as monolithic solids from suspensions of single-layer graphene oxide in which organic sol-gel chemistry is used to cross-link the individual sheets. The resulting gels are supercritically dried and then thermally reduced to yield graphene aerogels with densities approaching 10 mg/cm (3). Moreover, the Young's moduli of the 3D printed graphene aerogels show an order of magnitude improvement over bulk graphene materials with comparable geometric density and possess large surface areas. Furthermore, graphene aerogel can return to its shape even after 90%. The cellulose/graphene oxide (GO) networks as the scaffold of free-standing aerogel electrodes are developed by using lithium bromide aqueous solution, as the solvent, to ensure the complete dissolution of cotton linter pulp and well dispersion/reduction of GO nanosheets. A three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel (GA) frame provides an excellent scaffold for conductive networks consisting of AgNWs. 1 Introduction Herein, we developed a facile and inexpensive dip-coating method to fabricate a hydrophobic and oleophilic material based on the trimethyl chlorosilane/reduced graphene oxide (GO)-coated composite aerogel. 2.1. Here, we report for the first time a novel strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated graphene aerogel/gold nanoparticles (N-doped AGA/GNs). This low density, in combination with the hydrophobic properties of graphene sheets, makes graphene aerogel a promising candidate for oil absorption. As a result, graphene becomes extremely stiff with high thermal conductivity and also it has zero effective mass which is impermeable to gases. High-Electrical Conductivity Graphene, 8-15m: Morphology & Appearance: Grey-black powder: Description: Purity: >98wt% Layers: 3 ASH: 1wt% Size: 8-15m Specific Surface Area: 70-110m2/g Volume Resistivity: 600~800m: Download Datasheet: COA SAMPLE The remarkable electrical, optical, and thermal properties make it perfectly suited for a wide range of applications in photovoltaics, energy storage, biosensing, and nanomedicine, to name a few. The graphene oxide was then added to absolute ethanol (99.9%, Beijing Tongguang) to create a suspension. Use in insulation Its low density and thermal conductivity seem to hint that graphene . A scalable one-step synthesis method of holey graphene (h-Graphene) in a single step without using any catalysts or special chemicals is reported, which shows a remarkably improved volumetric capacitance with about 700% increase compared to that of regular graphene electrodes. The GSs obtained by hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation exhibit a high electrical conductivity of 2 10 3 S/cm and high thermal stability with oxidization resistance temperature of 601 C, . The rich hierarchical pores and high electrical conductivity of GAMs bring admirable capacitive performance for supercapacitors. High conductivity was obtained from the high concentration and high conduction of graphene and a low b exponent. Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds, and are a diverse class of materials with unique properties. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010, 132 (40) , . Nitrogen sorption analysis shows that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of RGOA could reach as high as 830 m2 g1, which is the largest value ever reported for graphene-based aerogels obtained through the . Highly compressible graphene aerogels possess extraordinary properties that exceed the performance of natural materials - superior compressive elasticity; ultrahigh porosity; outstanding tolerance for harsh environment; large specific surface area; high electrical and thermal conductivity. The results reveal that nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel prepared using aniline as nitrogen source possesses a large specific surface area, high nitrogen content, good mechanical strength and excellent electrical conductivity. In addition, further tests on these printed electrodes have shown that they have excellent capacitive retention and power densities that are greater than or equal to other reported carbon based electrodes, despite being 10 . These materials are prepared as monolithic solids from suspensions of single-layer graphene oxide in which organic sol-gel chemistry is used to cross-link the individual sheets. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity. The projection is it may be used to clean up oil spills or leaks of dangerous chemicals. Synthesis of Graphene The graphene synthesis process is determined by the size and purity of the final product. A series of density-tunable MOF/GA composites were synthesized by adjusting the MOF/graphene oxide (GO) mass ratio of the precursors before hydrothermal reduction and subsequent critical point drying to achieve MOF-x%/GA composites . Here, we invent a hydroplastic foaming method to directly convert graphene oxide solids into aerogel bulks and microarrays, replacing the prevalent freezing method. In 1975, chemical deposition was used to create smaller graphite layers. The large variations of conductivity were observed when the concentration and thickness of the graphene nanosheets changed, whereas several parameters such as the tunneling size, agglomeration level, aspect ratio, and filler . Hierarchical porous graphene aerogels (HPGAs) synthesized via self-assembly, freeze drying and subsequent calcination have been shown to possess outstanding characteristics for extracting chemical warfare agents (CWAs) from ambient air. To achieve high-quality large-scale synthesis of 2D nanosheets, . Graphene Aerogel Graphene aerogel is one of the world's lightest materials, with an extraordinarily low density. The solution fabrication mainly involves the synthesis of graphene hydrogel, the aerogel precursor, and the subsequent drying process. (a) The principal steps for GA microfiber synthesis: 1) ultrasonication of the GO + EDA suspension, 2) injection of suspension into glass pipes and subsequent sealing of open ends with flame, 3) hydrothermal treatment at 120 C, 4) removal of hydrogel fiber from pipe and dialysis in 20 % ethanol solution, 5) freeze-drying, 6) photoreduction. These materials are prepared as monolithic solids from suspensions of single-layer graphene oxide in which organic sol-gel chemistry is used to cross-link the individual sheets. The microstructure and chemical composition of nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels are characterized. M . Now, researchers have fabricated graphene aerogel 'bricks' that can be assembled into much larger aerogel . The graphene aerogels also possess large surface areas (584 m (2)/g) and pore volumes (2.96 cm (3)/g), making these materials . The water intercalation plasticizes graphene oxide solids and enables direct foaming instead of catastrophic fragmentation. This formulation contained graphene nanoplatelets, which resulted in a final part with excellent electrical conductivity. The extraordinary characteristics of graphene are originated from the 2p orbitals, which form the p state bands that delocalise over the sheet of carbons that constitute graphene. 50 nm) forming a pomegranate-like structure. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(40), 14067-14069. doi:10.1021/ja1072299 . in our study, we present a new method to obtain low-density graphene aerogels with high electrical conductivity and large surface areas starting from go, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-cba), and poly (vinyl alcohol) (pva) to create an intrinsically conducting polymer (icp) by dehydrogenation. Morphological structure images of hierarchical porous graphene aerogel (HPGA) at different magnifications. The resulting gels. As the basic property for electric-thermal conversion, high electrical conductivity of PCM is required. 23 The accessible 3D network architecture of the GA electrodes gives additional large surface area, whereas the crystalline structure (10-mm . Synthesis of graphene hydrogel . GHs with high electrical conductivity have been fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal process [ 43 ]. Graphene based aerogels (GAs) are 3D scaffold materials that can be lighter than air. Thus, they can be applied in catalytic processes, electronic devices, Cerenkov detectors and other fields [ 40 ]. Here, we report a graphene aerogel made of covalently cross-linked graphene sheets that exhibits anomalous superelastic behavior up to 92% of compressive and 68% tensile strain. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity. synthesis of three-dimensional graphene foam: use as supercapacitorssynthesis of three-dimensional graphene foam: use as supercapacitors .4 .4 Such a material also has the advantages of a porous structure, lightweight, high thermal conductivity and superior electrical conductivity, and is widely used in thermal management and electromagnetic . However, their low volumetric capacitance and cycling stability limit their practical application. Graphene has attracted a lot of attention for ultracapacitor electrodes because of its high electrical conductivity . Hydrothermal gelation of GO dispersion is a straightforward method that offers many opportunities for tuning its properties and for processing it to devices. Since at least one material in the hybrid structure has good electrical conductivity, graphene is often the primary material of choice in . These graphene aerogels exhibit an improvement in bulk electrical conductivity of more than 2 orders of magnitude (1 10(2) S/m) compared to graphene assemblies with physical cross-links . The manufacture of graphene nanosheets into such a graphene aerogel (GA) seems to be a useful concept; a robust three-dimensional (3D) network that can potentially impede graphene nanosheet aggregation. This means it can absorb the hazardous liquid, be wrung or squeezed into a container, and used again. 1-8 Recent research shows graphene synthesized into aerogels may be one of the best ways . formaldehyde reaction and with different synthesis conditions and graphene contents are studied. The resulting graphene aerogels present low density, large macroporosity, and electrical conductivity values as high as 852 S m1, with 97.58% of porosity, which is the highest value of electrical conductivity reported This research describes, for the first time, the synthesis of a new type of nanostructure, AgNW/GA, formed by coating 3D GA frames with AgNWs. The first two steps of our synthesis involved the preparation of the graphene oxide using the Hummers approach 55 to oxidize graphene flakes. Synthesis of graphene aerogel with high electrical conductivity. Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Reduced-Graphene Oxide from Graphene Oxide: Carbon materials and their allotropes have been involved significantly in our daily lives. In this novel nanostructured composite aerogel, uniform Fe3O4 nanocrystals (5-10 nm) are individually embedded in carbon nanospheres (ca. Graphene gels have attracted intense research due to their excellent gravimetric performances in supercapacitors. We show that the. Until the end of 1970s, several methods for synthesizing thin graphitic films were used [ 29 - 31] (Figure 3 ). Publication Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel with High Electrical Conductivity Marcus A. Worsley, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Tammy Y. Olson, Juergen Biener, Joe H. Satcher Jr., Theodore F. Baumann Journal of the American Chemical Society, September 2010, American Chemical Society (ACS) DOI: 10.1021/ja1072299 bulk electrical conductivity of the graphene aerogel was determined via the four-probe method.current (100ma)was passed through metal electrodes attached to either end of the graphene aerogel monolith,and the voltage drop was measured over distances of 3-6mm along the aerogel.the bulk electrical conductivity of the graphene aerogel was determined Graphene has many unique properties, making it an ideal material for use in electronic applications when compared to conventional materials.
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